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The nativity scene, a staple of Christian tradition, depicts the birth of Jesus in Bethlehem. While artistic representations often include various figures, the canonical Gospels provide limited information regarding those present at the event. Matthew and Luke, the only Gospels narrating the birth, mention Mary, Joseph, and the newborn Jesus. Luke further describes shepherds visiting the manger after being informed of the birth by an angel. Notably, the wise men, often depicted in nativity scenes, are described in Matthew as visiting Jesus later, in a house, not at the time of his birth.

Understanding the individuals present at the birth of Jesus provides crucial context for interpreting the narratives surrounding this pivotal event in Christian theology. The presence of Mary and Joseph underscores the human element of the incarnation, while the shepherds represent the marginalized in society receiving the good news. The absence of other figures commonly associated with the nativity highlights the importance of relying on scriptural accounts for accurate historical understanding. This focus on the earliest witnesses also emphasizes the humble beginnings of Jesus’s life, contrasting sharply with the later recognition of his divine nature.

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